Density: Aluminum: 171 lb/ft 3: 2,739 kg/m 3: Asphalt, crushed: 45 lb/ft 3: 721 kg/m 3: Brick, common red: 120 lb/ft 3: 1,920 kg/m 3: Cast Iron: 450 lb/ft 3: 7,208 kg/m 3: The compaction performance of granular material A is close to granular material B, due to the small difference in the particle size distribution. There are more than 10 types of granular materials used for the dam construction, each with different compositions and particle size distributions. 56, no. The calculation results indicate that the computational method based on the statistical constant can better control the results range. 95/100 = 95% = 95% compaction! Soil bearing capacity refers to the ability of soil to support load applied to the ground. Once the surface of the excavated area is sufficiently compacted, sub-base material may be added. Therefore, the statistical results indicate that the relative density of granular material C is the largest and shows the best compaction performance. WebItem Number: 020. You need to talk to someone with experience in doing this calculation. For example, the weight of poured in place concrete, with reinforcement, is The descent of the intermediate particle group whose size is between 5mm and 40mm can lead to the growth of statistical constant because the PSD has a good correlation with the statistical constant. Youd better get digging. S. W. Tyler and S. W. Wheatcraft, Application of fractal mathematics to soil water retention estimation, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol. S. W. Tyler and S. W. Wheatcraft, Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions: analysis and limitations, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol. WebIf the material is of higher density, it is more compacted material. Here is a more extensive table on the Here, the moisture content of granular materials decreases with the expanding range of particle size distribution, and it is also influenced by the continuity of particle gradation (various size of particles are rationally distributed). If performed improperly, Z. Su, H. L. Zhao, W. Z. Zhao, and T. H. Zhang, Fractal features of soil particle size distribution and the implication for indicating desertification, Geoderma, vol. 5661, 2005. Characteristic values behind the PSD curves of different dam granular materials (only shows the analysis results of first 10 groups). Second, measurement error, especially the significance figure caused in calculation, is existed in dry density and compactness of granular materials, and the measurement is achieved by engineering personnel, which causes that the paper cannot reach an accurate expression of how Weibull parameters influence compaction properties. *Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. 3-4, pp. Based on the above equation, the statistical constant of grains in granular materials can be calculated by the following equation: Equation (11) is the most general form for calculating the statistical constant in the PSD analysis of granular materials; here is a power law exponent. However, the validity of statistical constant need be verified for evaluating the grain composition of granular materials. This process does not necessarily guarantee the performance of the materials, but it is assumed to be adequate based on past experience and engineering judgment. During the preparation and production of granular materials with a relatively small particle size range, the content of the fine particle group is a vital matter owing to the fact that an inappropriate setting can cause the statistical constant to be far away from the average level. REVISED POST (Revision two the second to last paragraph in the above post) I am converting (CY) of aggregate (for a road construction project) t However, for the artificially prepared granular materials (which can be seen as having the same properties as natural granular materials), due to the requirements of stability and seepage prevention, the continuity of particle groups is often better than that for the natural granular materials. However, this study is based on the assumption that all particles act as ideal spheres, though the relationship between particle shape and the critical state has been discussed [6]. design engineer. ; min(SAM) and max(SAM) represent the minimum and the maximum uniformity coefficients of the PSD curve by using the statistical analysis method, resp. The characteristic coefficients are made from the analysis of the part distribution character. What is the compaction factor for gravel? 6, pp. If you have more than 5 of gravel, youll have to compact gravel more than once. As shown in Figure 6 and Table 1, the samples of granular materials used in field tests are considered to be soils with continuous uniform grading and both have adequate compaction results for further construction. I would think most states have something similar for use on highway projects, so you should check with your state DOT if you haven't already done so. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Youth Science and Technology Fund of Sichuan Province (2016JQ0011) and the Key Project of the Power Construction Corporation of China (ZDZX-5). website. D. L. Turcotte, Fractals and fragmentation, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, vol. 1, pp. Because conditions in the field do not match the ideal conditions in a laboratory, the target compaction is scaled to a percentage of the dry density determined in the lab. WebThere are many variables that determine the right roller for each compaction job. B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Macmillan Publishes Limited, London, UK, 1st edition, 1983. this is standard information that can be obtained from your geotech, your highway department, your local material supplier or your favorite contrac 378384, 2014. Is it possible for relative compaction greater than 100 %? The granular materials samples used in this study are from the filling material for the construction of the Changheba Hydropower Station. The definition of the characteristic coefficients on the basis of several characteristic particle sizes of a certain distribution curve is unable to present the integral distribution of grain composition. Therefore, for granular material C, the calculated value based on the statistical constant is more accurate. However, the statistical constant is considered to be an indicator with integrality. SO a crushed gravel is about 1.43 T/cy in the truck and 1.85 T/cy placed, typ. What Is Compaction Ratio? When studying PSD of granular materials, the practice normally derives characteristic coefficients to describe grain composition. Note that original units were lb/ft3, T-Shirts, Mugs, Cups, Ball Caps, Mouse Pads. H. P. Xie, Fractals in Rock Mechanics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1993. You're going way off on a tangent using some inappropriate information and extrapolating it to fit. This requires the contractor to place backfill material into loose lifts of varying thickness and use compaction equipment to reduce air voids and increase material density until the required compaction is achieved. 4, pp. The compaction properties of granular materials are the key physical indices for the construction of an earth-rock-filled dam. When d10 is smaller than 1mm and d60 is higher than 20mm, just a little deviation may result in the calculated uniformity coefficient values getting much larger (Figures 7(a) and 7(e)). Y. For dam granular materials A and C, the fluctuation degree of the statistical constant from the grading analysis is higher than that from the Weibull distribution. Y. X. Xiao, C. F. Lee, and S. J. Wang, Particle-size distribution of interlayer shear zone material and its implications in geological processesa case study in China, Engineering Geology, vol. Color: Pink/Gray. M076 can look in tables of swell/shrink on variouis materials from bank to in truck to in place. WebGranular Backfill Materials G ranular backfill materials on highway projects are often compacted by mechanical methods. Studying the compaction properties only by particle size is short of preciseness and accuracy. The compacting factor is defined as the ratio of the weight of partially compacted concrete to the weight of fully compacted concrete. 15, no. Sandy soils are more prone to high bulk density. These statistical constants have a positive correlation with dry density and a negative correlation with moisture content. These three types of dam granular materials are produced in two different sites, where the filter dam material is produced at the soil material site and the transition dam material is produced at the rock-fill material site. The difficulty in studying a soil system with a complex and irregular clastic rock texture by quantitative characterization is due to the limitations and restrictions of traditional methods where one or two descriptive parameters are hardly suitable and adaptive to the complexity and irregularity of granular materials [1921]. Therefore, if the analysis is combined with Figure 2 and Table 2, it can be concluded that the particle size range and the uniformity of the grading distribution affect the physical properties and can further be represented by the statistical constant. These characteristics illustrate that the point is aimed specifically at the sorting of granular materials whose statistical constant is a character parameter for the spatial feature. 74, no. However, the correlation between the statistical parameters and physical properties has obvious limitations. Photos for the three types of granular materials used in this study: (a) A (filter dam material #1); (b) B (filter dam material #3); (c) C (transition dam material). However, if you have values that you M. W. Clark, Some methods for statistical analysis of multimodal distributions and their application to grain-size data, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, vol. To say sand and gravel isnt really specific enough Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. Taking granular material C as an example, there is also a fitting curve as a result of the characteristic coefficients ( and ) calculated by the linear interpolation method (Figure 7(b)). Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. Then, the parameters in the PSD function are also used to seek the implicit association with the compaction properties of granular materials. 196213, 2015. 55, no. Various granular materials in geotechnical engineering exhibit different material composition, particle size distribution, moisture content, mass density, and other physical/mechanical properties [35]. M. A. Martn, M. Reyes, and F. J. Taguas, Estimating soil bulk density with information metrics of soil texture, Geoderma, vol. The compaction degree is a major construction control index for detecting the quality of core rock-fill dam. 6670, 2017. However, the mechanism by which Weibull parameters influence compaction process needs to be further explored. B. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. J. P. Hyslip and L. E. Vallejo, Fractal analysis of the roughness and size distribution of granular materials, Engineering Geology, vol. What is this? 1, 2004. Bulk density increases with compaction and tends to increase with depth. compacted bedding gravel per section 9-03.12(3), "gravel backfill for pipe zone bedding", of the wsdot standard specification. G. Lumay and N. Vandewalle, Compaction of anisotropic granular materials: experiments and simulations, Physical Review E, vol.
compacted gravel density