Also, that has been highlighted as a sense of responsibility for others and the acknowledgement of the action and call for amendment [46]. The results, see Table 2, revealed that those students doing higher educational studies feel guiltier regarding COVID-19, while feeling less irritable. Besides, spending too much thinking about COVID-19 was also found to increase various negative emotions, while higher family income result in a reduction of feeling stressed and irritable. On the other hand, irritability could be defined as conceptualized anger associated with other negative emotions, which could occur with minimum provocation [15]. This is helpful for preventing relapse after treatment and helping individuals stay sober in the long term. Other negative health consequences of cyberbullying are: 11 1. People may find that they need additional support from their friends and family during this time. You can take ourmental health test. In some cases, rationalization can also be used as an addiction coping mechanism. In conclusion, rationalization is a defense mechanism that causes many problems in our lives. The public response to the pandemic is not always aligned with science, so more educational programs and research are needed to educate students on the consequences of being infected. For example: Taking the dog for the morning walk to avoid mother's scolding. What are some positive and negative coping strategies you have used in dealing with deadlines? Sociologist George Ritzer theorizes McDonaldization as a contemporary form of rationalization. The pandemic has posed an intense threat to the mental health of younger adults. A society with rationalized laws and procedures can act more efficiently than one that operates on an ad hoc basis. This is by diminishing their valuebut only temporarily. If youre having trouble recognizing when youre using rationalization, ask a friend or family member to help you out. In the article on page 179 paragraph 2 it also states, "not only decrease empathy, but also increase a sense of isolation and the risk of later depression, even strengthen suicide ideation". For instance, while there is a positive association between feeling stressed and avoiding outside immediate family, that association is not significant for feeling irritable. The impact might be due to the experience and control that the older group has over the feelings associated with the pandemic: the older age has a wider horizon, and an increased awareness regarding life challenges and how to overcome them. Wear a coat on a chilly day to avoid catching a cold. Despite the limitations, we were able to highlight the associations between various variables and negative emotions, especially during life-changing pandemic of COVID-19. The process is summarized as going through the projection, while considering all parameters based on the current smooth parameter, and then non-projection process by considering the original values, while fitting a univariate smooth function. In general, it seems that more educated people take the pandemic more seriously than lower educated individuals, which is highlighted by feeling more afraid. Choice Theory: Yes or No Choice theory states that juveniles weigh the consequences of a crime or participating in illegal behaviors before they do them. Ritzer also outlines irrationality of rationality as a fifth aspect of McDonaldization. Based on the past experience, it is reasonable to expect that having infected family member might change the belief of individuals regarding the severity and magnitude of the decease. Various questions were used in the survey which are mostly self-explanatory and presented in Table 1. But I didnt want to hurt his feelings, so I just said it was okay. Faking Interests I love playing golf even though its really boring.. The study discussed the implication of the term social distancing which might have detrimental effects. For example, lying about your job may seem pretty innocent and might spare you some initial awkwardness, but it can still be problematic for you, even if no one else finds out. The findings were not achievable in case of investigating the emotion individually, and implementation of a unified model was needed to obtain those findings. McDonaldization is a concept developed by American sociologist George Ritzer which refers to the particular kind of rationalization of production, work, and consumption that rose to prominence in the late twentieth century. According to Ritzer, McDonaldization is comprised of four main components: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Research says that students are more negatively impacted by grade retention than they are positively affected by it. The process could be summarized as a projection into the linear fit space, where we consider and arrange all parameters based on the smooth vector as [31] That is based on the size of window which highlight how smooth or wiggly the smooth should be. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264985, Editor: Robert Jeenchen Chen, Stanford University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES, Received: October 11, 2021; Accepted: February 14, 2022; Published: March 7, 2022. In addition, a longer irritability was reported for women compared with men [18].Higher education. Rationalization is one of the most common defense mechanisms, especially among people who struggle with anxiety and depression. This is helpful for preventing relapse after treatment and helping individuals stay sober in the long term. Negative Reinforcement vs Positive Punishment. That behavior, for instance, was found to be positively associated with various negative feelings. Especially we found that there is a positive association between limiting exercise at home and feeling guilty. Commonly, this is done to lessen the perception of an action's negative effects, to justify an action, or to excuse culpability: "At least [what occurred] is not as bad as [a worse outcome]." In response to an accusation: "At least I didn't [worse action than accused action]." This study aimed to assess the effects of RationalEmotive Education on rational thinking, subjective wellbeing, and selfefficacy of typical students and their levels of social acceptance . The process of data preparation is based on pre-multiplication of both sides of equations by Cholesky decomposition of weight (W), where W = UTU, so the ordinary least square (OLS) will be converted into generalized least square (GLS) by removing correlation between the error terms. As a response, the process of de-Mcdonaldization offers alternatives to this model of production and organization. This situation has led to changes in education systems so that schools and colleges have been subjected to different adjustments and closing in more than 180 countries [1]. This allows people to quantify how much theyre getting versus how much theyre paying. For example: Blame Shifting in Public It wasnt me! By taking necessary precautions, students will be protected from getting infected as well as gaining a stronger sense of certainty about the future. It can help them to have someone who will encourage them to keep going even when things get difficult again. Gender-specific differences across emotions are expected. And therefore, managers must consider work environment when rationalizing production to. answered expert verified list some negative consequences of rationalization in the following areas: school, home, work, and relationships. Having an infected individual in the family increases negative feelings, except for feeling guilty. As mentioned before, feeling irritable is mainly related to lack of certainty about the future. This also applies to the workers in those organizations. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Examples. Its important not to ignore these feelings and push them down because they are a natural response when something is wrong in your life. Their tasks are highly repetitive, highly routine, and predictable. Blaming is another type of rationalization defense mechanism involving shifting responsibility for something weve done or failed to do to others. Rationalization is a type of defense mechanism. A deeper understanding regarding behavioral characteristics being associated with various negative emotions during a life-changing COVID-19 pandemic could be a useful insight. This is helpful for preventing relapse after treatment and helping individuals stay sober in the long term. For the quantitative assessment, nine survey items were chosen based on information gathered from all the data, and all the concepts of interest were measured from these survey items. McDonaldization is a term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). Various actions that are not related to the pandemic were incorporated to highlight the impact of various negative feelings on irrational choice-making behaviors of students. Question 10 Actions that have negative consequences for the social system: Select one: a. dysfunctions b. functions c. latent function d. errors Question 11 Sociologist who distinguished between societies based on mechanical and organic social solidarity: Select one: a. Emile Durkheim b. Karl Marx c. Auguste Comte d. Max Weber a. Emile Durkheim Some of the main causes of irritably has been discussed as feeling pressured, waiting and being uncertain about the future or an answer to the problem at hand [18]. Our result is in line with the literature highlighted that there are positive associations between thinking a lot about COVID and all included feelings. The results of that study highlighted a positive correlation between higher BMI and higher levels of irritability. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Educators alter the curriculum to "match the [standardized] test" ("How Standardized"). Redeployment and rationalisation had serious negative consequences on learners. For example: When you're anxious because someone criticized your appearance at work but then tell yourself things like, "She probably had some bad day herself" or "It was just my imagination running wild." At the same time, they are more afraid of COVID-19 compared with other lower educated individuals. I was just following orders.. That way, our hypothesis regarding impaired emotions of students could have been confirmed. The correlation between feeling sad and afraid due to COVID-19 was found to be 0.41. Emotions are deep-rooted in every aspect of human beings lives. Its a way of hiding our true selves from the world and can be very harmful because it keeps us from developing authentic relationships. As a response, the process of de-Mcdonaldization offers alternatives to this model of production and organization. You also wont be able to learn from past mistakes and continue on the right path going forward if you refuse to acknowledge what went wrong before so you can move beyond them and make better decisions for yourself moving forward. Punishment, like reinforcement, can be positive or . The previous study highlighted that thinking too much about the pandemic could be unhealthy and debilitating [38]. This often makes them worse rather than better. 4 Also, prevalence of negative emotions may turn into chronic stress or other disorders such as depression or anxiety. Irritability has been named as the precursors for anger and aggression [17]. If youre struggling with this problem yourself or are worried about someone who might be using rationalization as a coping strategy too often, consider seeking out help. There is a distorted perception regarding events or the consequences of previous negative feelings, which would turn into a behavior. The second, calculability, refers to the quantifiable objectives of fast-food chains, seeing quantity as quality. More educational programs are needed to encourage students to feel a sense of responsibility by staying away from a large population but keeping in touch with close friends while keeping safety in mind. CC LICENSED CONTENT, SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTION. One of the biggest negative effects is that students who are retained are more likely to drop out of school eventually. The first one, efficiency, is the optimal method for accomplishing a task. Materiality: "The impact of this action is not material. Also, the previous study focused on the structure of the variables by means of factor analysis, while we focused mainly on the impact of various variables in a unified model. From those responses 61% were female compared with 39% being male, also 77% were younger students (i.e., 1824 years old), and the rest were older. where k is a roughness penalty matrix, and after setting its derivative to 0 we have: 2 COVID-19 resulted in a rapidly increased number of people experiencing psychological problems such as depression, stress and anxiety [2], especially among college students [3]. For example: Minimizing a Situation Its not that bad. For example: Pretending to Like Things That new movie was so terrible! However, if the student continues in the behavior, they are demonstrating that they recognize they are breaking the . The book describes the attempt by education bureaucrats to improve higher education through the same processes of rationalization applied to industry, to make the university more efficient at delivering its "product" (degrees) to its "customers" (students). Individuals can experience high levels of stress leading to depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. This can help to open up the lines of communication. On one . He explains it occurs when a culture possesses the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. Descriptive statistics of important predictors considered in the analysis. One of the advantages of the smoothing is that it does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality [30], as smooths are treated univariately. Regarding Fig 1C, there are some variations between feeling irritable and stressed. McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization, or moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. Primitive defense mechanisms are immature or undeveloped psychological coping techniques that people rely on when they feel overwhelmed by stressors in their lives. Data Availability: The data could be found in paper titled Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States at the link of https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0245327. Depression, Anxiety, Stress or something else - we are here to help! That is because it might invoke negative feelings of being ignored, unwelcomed, or left alone with fear. However, sometimes under misconception, or due to various emotions resulting from other aspects of a pandemic, individuals take behaviors that negatively impact their mental health. The results highlighted that younger student experience higher feelings of being afraid, irritable, and stressed. Citation: Rezapour M, Dehzangi A, Saadati F (2022) Students negative emotions and their rational and irrational behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak. Iron Cage 2022-11-16 . 6 You can also book afree therapyor download our freeAndroidoriOS app. While less attention is paid to the effects of a wider range of negative emotions such as sadness, grief, boredom and anger in students lives and their behaviors. On the other hand, feeling irritable might be due to the sense of duty to do something about the problem by assisting society in some way. In other words, instead of accepting our feelings and behaviors as they are, we try to justify them with logic so that we feel better about ourselves. Out of those, 2,534 responses were obtained and used [26]. Under cultural hybridization, as McDonalds enters a country, consumer patterns are unified and local cultures are westernized. However, at the same time results suggest the important of having connection with outside the family such as close friends, which are important factors in mitigation of various students negatively. A question was asked regarding how students rate their general health. I would never do something like that. Being Holier Than Thou I may not be perfect, but at least Im trying my best.. Negative Reinforcement: The act of removing an unpleasant stimulus with the aim of increasing desired behavior. Here the binary predictor of age was considered and analyzed. It can help them to have someone who will encourage them to keep going even when things get difficult again. As a result, based on the current literature, we cannot certainly conclude that how the associated factors of various negative emotions vary. The choices we make are aided by emotions, where emotions, themselves, are elicited during considering various alternatives as being disadvantages or advantages (cost-benefit analysis) [42]. - key changes in Canadian labour market. The results highlighted that female student experienced higher levels of being afraid, irritable, stressed, and guilty. Efficiency in McDonaldization means that every aspect of the organization is geared toward the minimization of time. Also, studies investigated irrational and aberrant behaviors during crisis. Then, consistently z will be multiplied, and later be back transformed by u, and regressed against x*, or the transformed explanatory variables. Put away toys after playing with them to prevent losing them. As the results of the survey were collected in spring 2020 when the first and most severe real lockdown occurred in the U.S., it is not practical to recollect the data to incorporate more observations. For example: Making Comparisons to Others Im grateful that I have a job while so many people are out of work. Making Comparisons Privately At least my husband isnt doing drugs like all those other men on the block.. As such, this study gives a panoramic vision about the mental well-being of students and their causes, which can help educators, university and health authorities to assist the vulnerable and affected groups of students during the post-pandemic. At the same time, intrapsychic and mind processes determine the choices we make and how we act as a behavioral perspective [22]. In general, the role of emotions in students learning and academic achievement has received increasing attention in recent years [10]. Fig 1A presents lack of significant across the majority of predictors and feeling sad which is different from feeling afraid. Some of the most common arguments include: Expected or Standard Practice: "Everyone does this, so it's really standard practice. The results highlighted that being female and older, having a higher education, having poor health and higher BMI exacerbate various negative emotions at the time of the pandemic. For instance, it was highlighted while avoiding a large group of people, in spite of its importance in curbing the spread of virus, is negatively associated with various negative emotions, taking a possible nonconsequential precaution of completely limiting all people outside the immediate family result in a higher level of negative emotions. Through assignments, class exercises, and films, students contextualize modernity and its unintended negative consequences by viewing McDonaldization though the lenses of work and jobs. Improve your emotional wellbeing whenever and wherever you want. Previous studies emphasized on importance of positive emotions on promoting health [8], and how the absence of negative emotions can result in better health and longevity [9]. By addressing these issues sooner rather than later, you can prevent them from getting worse and causing more long-term damage. This can provide you with the tools and support you need to address the underlying issues causing your rationalization. First, we estimate the linear parts and the non-linear part of the component function, RHS of Eq 2, or Eqs 6 and 7. The variable was incorporated to study a possible extreme precautionary behavior of students. Rationally thinking, there is little to no crime or reason that the benefits . of McDonaldization. There was no gender difference in the teachers'abilities to cope with stress For instance, Fig 1A shows while there is a negative association between being afraid and family income, the association between that predictor and feeling sad is not significant. For instance, while higher education is negatively associated with higher feeling of irritability, it is positively associated with feelings of being guilty and afraid. Grade retention can also have a profound impact on a student's socialization. 7 The '80s thriller demonised women seen as a 'threat' to the nuclear family - and gave rise to a particularly harmful phrase. Despite the significant association of BMI and feeling irritable, it could be seen that the associations between BMI and other negative feelings are not significant. People who exhibit a lot of primitive defenses tend to struggle with anxiety, anger management issues, depression, and other mental health problems such as addiction. By that I mean that they deny the basic humanity, the human reason, of the people who work within or are served by them. For instance, a past study found a relationship between emotions and the performance of work [23]. McDonaldization developed the notion that quantity equals quality, and that a large amount of product delivered to the customer in a short amount of time is the same as a high quality product. Some common rationalizations include: This type of rationalization defense mechanism involves explaining your behavior with excuses, such as claiming that someone made you do it or putting the blame on other people. Another example could be McUniversities, which features modularized curricula, delivering degrees in a fast-track pick-and-mix fashion to satisfy all tastes. The McDonaldization Theory of George Ritzer. Its important that you learn how to stop using rationalization as a defense mechanism. Also, that lead to dysfunctional negative behaviors or feelings [44]. Minimizing can be especially harmful because it makes us believe our own lies, often making things worse rather than better. For instance, limiting outdoor activities was positively associated with various negative emotions. In Freud's classic psychoanalytic theory, rationalization is a defense mechanism, an. Since starting the pandemic, several studies and different aspects of associated negative emotions related to COVID-19 has been reported in the literature. 3) prevalence of emotional labour. PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US. It is worth noting that, having students from other parts of the countrysuch as southern states of the UScould have brought more reliable outcome for present study. Associations between various negative emotions and students behaviors, and characteristics, positive, negative and no associations are highlighted by +,-, and . Feeling of guilt could be defined as a function of monitoring ones own behaviors in relation to others [45]. In this blog post, we will discuss all rationalization defense mechanism. Emotions of sadness, fear, irritability, stress and guilt were incorporated in a unified model by means of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). In Ritzers reconceptualization, McDonaldization is the process of rationalization that Weber found inherent in bureaucracies extended to fast-food chains such as McDonalds under globalization. Irrationality can be seen as the opposite of rationality. Defense mechanisms can be broken down into two categories: primitive and mature defense mechanisms. So, while smoothing a covariate all other covariates are kept as fixed. The above discussion could be linked to the RHS of Eq 2 where we have both the original dataset and the projected values, look at the RHS of Eq 2. In addition, only specific locations with unique demographic characteristics, e.g., location, weather, climate, were incorporated. Defense mechanisms can be either healthy or unhealthy. Also, feeling afraid might be linked to the possibility of the illness spreading to other family members or losing those infected. This is easily accepted by others with little to no scrutiny or pushback from those around you. Universities play a pivotal role in helping students to manage their finances. How do you react to deadline pressures? In this light, it is important to improve our understanding about the negative emotions and their relationships with students behavior in order to get prepared for helping students in the post-pandemic era. 2. In summary, the results highlighted avoiding large group of people, being associated with being infected by the disease, reduces the impacts of various negative emotions. For instance, the differences in gender, in terms of stress and fear are investigated in the past studies [32]. As local school districts join a nationwide lawsuit against some of the largest social media companies, the educational leaders aim to bring awareness to the negative effects these apps and The category of 1825 accounts for the majority of students. Students also write a pledge of authenticity on every assignment. The vector generalized linear model (VGLM) function in R was used for conducting the statistical analysis [29]. He explains it occurs when a culture possesses the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. However, those activities tend to work as means of stress relief. People may find that they need additional support from their friends and family during this time. { "6.4A:_Bureaucracies_and_Formal_Groups" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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negative consequences of rationalization in school