The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). This calculation is shown in the data analysis section above. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. I called School Time and my husband and son came with me for the tour. It is also good to calculate the coefficient of restitution of your ball using the formula CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h). Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. Why if you drop a ball from say 2 meters does it bounce higher than a ball dropped from 1 meter? Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. The average variation between results was 3cm. Controlled: - Same ball. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. What principle describes the bouncing motion of a ball? These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. An average will then be taken. With no net force, the acceleration = 0 and the ball falls at a constant velocity. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. It is from calculations using recorded data that tables and graphs are made. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool. No balls will be allowed to roll around upon the floor creating possible tripping hazards, Safety spectacles will be worn at all times, Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. In this experiment you will measure the bounce of a dropped ball for different release heights. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. WebWhat is a control? What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. 70% is retained. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. D (60%) A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. 3. So, we equate the potential energy and the kinetic energy. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Yes, as elastic potential energy causes the ball to bounce off the ground and is converted into kinetic energy once the ball is in the air, causing it to move. Physics Ia on Bouncing Ball If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Bouncing Ball WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the As the ball falls it hits against air particles. However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. Controlled Variable Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. WebThe independent variables in the experiment are the heights that the balls are dropped from, the surface that the ball bounces on, the type of ball used, ball is dropped vertically, and that when dropping a ball no force is applied. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. 2. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. Variables are These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. Several balls, medium-sized super balls, hollow rubber balls, solid rubber balls, tennis balls, golf balls, baseballs, and whatever other types of balls are available. If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. As it did so the downward force was partially balanced out by the upwards force of drag, increasingly so the closer the ball got to its terminal velocity. Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. Therefore the results are valid. The motion of the ball can be split into different stages depending on the direction of the velocity vector; these stages are listed below. Does a ball bounce higher or lower in moon (Less Gravity), while all other conditions are constant? Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. Bouncing Ball Experiment - GCSE Science - Marked by The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. This can either be assumed and chosen, or it can be stated in a question.). it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. What purpose does a control serve? Newton's third law states that every force or action has an equal and opposite reaction. or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results.
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controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment