which ecosystem likely has the highest biodiversity?

The top 10 most biodiverse countries - Mongabay Environmental News Sci Total Environ 794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148515, Huang J, Yu H, Dai A, Wei Y, Kang L (2017) Drylands face potential threat under global warming target. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-1KM.en, Marden B, Van Stappen G, Musaev A, Mirabdullayev I, Joldasova I, Sorgeloos P (2012) Assessment of the production potential of an emerging Artemia population in the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan. Marine ecosystems are habitats like. https://aral.uz/en/asbp1/, Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Biodiversity loss | Causes, Effects, & Facts | Britannica https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-018-0073-3. Summarizing lessons learned from the literature sources discussed above, we conclude that proper management and monitoring is required even for small scale activities to ensure their efficiency and acceptance by communities that have been benefiting from the use of natural resources and which they treat as a communal resource. By Catrin Einhorn and Nadja PopovichMarch 3, 2022. Pollution, climate change, and population growth are all threats to biodiversity. Based on the information in the chart, ecosystem X has the highest biodiversity.Therefore, option B is correct.. What is an ecosystem? Drylands, which are among the worlds most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change and cover a little less than the half of the global terrestrial surface, were the focus of this study. The Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, established in 1998 specifically to implement projects of the Aral Sea Basin Programs (Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, 2022a), has been undertaking activities on restoring and creating wetlands in the southern Aral Sea region with the financial support of the government of Uzbekistan since 1995 (Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, 2022b). J Clean Product 298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126680, Dubovyk O, Menz G, Khamzina A (2016) Land Suitability Assessment for Afforestation with Elaeagnus Angustifolia L. in Degraded Agricultural Areas of the Lower Amudarya River Basin. Southern Appalachia is a hotspot for species at risk of vanishing. The system is dynamic and thus offers a wide range of species. Wetland restoration is a promising tool in many areas that could potentially compete with afforestation/reforestation in terms of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation potential (Taillardat, Thompson, Garneau, Trottier, & Friess, 2020), (Seddon, et al., 2020), (Tanneberger, et al., 2021). These differences are what scientists use to tell one species from another. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2021.1923271, Belle JA, Collins N, Jordaan A (2018) Managing wetlands for disaster risk reduction: A case study of the eastern Free State, South Africa. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.1936865, Plieninger T, Muoz-Rojas J, Buck LE, Scherr SJ (2020) Agroforestry for sustainable landscape management. This single pixel includes seven species, such as Cockerell's bumble bee, White Mountain false pennyroyal and Sacramento Mountains thistle. A. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SA. Southern Appalachia is a hotspot for species at risk of vanishing. The most prominent native species in terms of the ability to grow in sandy, loamy and saline soils are reported to be Saxaul (Haloxylon), Salsola Richteri (Moq) Karel ex Litv and Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk (Bakirov, Khamzaev, & Novitskiy, 2020), Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana and Artemisia ferganensis (Shomurodov, et al., 2021). There is a whole state program for the development of the Aral Sea region in Uzbekistan as a zone of ecological innovations and technologies supported by a special Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly (United Nations General Assembly, 2021), which stipulates an increase in the area of afforested lands in the former seabed. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Environ Manag 25:485512. For instance, some diseases kill only one kind of tree. We conducted a systematic review on the topic of nature-based solutions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems around the world, with a specific focus on the Aral Sea region in Uzbekistan. All rights reserved. While Earths biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the Earths magnificent biodiversity at risk. The fields, forests, andwetlands where wild plants and animals live are disappearing. Rivers and streams light up with aquatic biodiversity across the South. Rivers and streams can be hard to protect, because their ecosystems are often degraded by infrastructure like dams, which disrupt natural water flow. The issues with human-biodiversity interaction in wetlands, where artemia is grown and harvested, sustainability of yields, water availability and its quality yet need to be researched to comply with NbS criteria. Summary: Amazonia represents the quintessence of biodiversity - the richest ecosystem on earth. A multilingual thematic keyword search was conducted in January March 2022 using Boolean operators with the following word combinations (TITLE-ABS-KEY) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, English, Russian)): nature-based solutions AND terrestrial, ecosystem-based and drylands, nature-based solutions AND dryland, nature-based solutions AND heathland, nature-based solutions AND desert, nature-based solutions AND rangeland, nature-based solutions AND grassland, nature-based solutions AND wetland, nature-based solutions AND protected area. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2008.9752644, Lemly AD, Kingsford RT, Thompson JR (2000) Irrigated agriculture and wildlife conservation: Conflict on a global scale. Let your eyes wander to the areas of this map that deepen into red. In some cases, it has been demonstrated that protected areas can, among other things, provide human health benefits and thus can offset healthcare costs (Oberle, Mackinnon, & Sandwith, 2021). o innate immune system The Elements of Biodiversity - Biological Diversity Other than adding vocabulary, what developments occur in Remote Sens Environ 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112695, Ragab R, Prudhomme C (2002) Climate change and water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions: Prospective and challenges for the 21st century. Plants People Planet 2:587597. (2020b) https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5123920, Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on additional measures related to the organization of protected areas on forestlands. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Jamba 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.400, Bonn A, Allott T, Evans M, Joosten H, Stoneman R (2016) Peatland restoration and ecosystem services: Nature-based solutions for societal goals. Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States. Pretend you're taking a look at the species biodiversity within a local pond. Scientists have estimated that there are around 8.7 million species of plants and animals in existence. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_13, Toderich KN, Shuyskaya EV, Taha FK, Matsuo N, Ismail S, Aralova DB, Radjabov TF (2013b) Integrating agroforestry and pastures for soil salinity management in dryland ecosystems in Aral Sea basin. (2020a) https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5091575, Di Sacco A, Hardwick KA, Blakesley D, Brancalion PH, Breman E, Cecilio Rebola L, Antonelli A (2021) Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. Drylands and land degradation. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. UNEP-WCMC (2022a) Protected Area Profile for Lower Amudarya Biosphere Reserve from the World Database of Protected Areas. Environmental Management (2023). As reported by Li et al. Review of Nature-based Solutions in Dryland Ecosystems: the Aral Sea Case Study. One of the greatest threats to biodiversity is habitat loss. The government of Uzbekistan has been issuing quotas for artemia harvesting in the Aral Sea (Marden, et al., 2012), but in 2022 the quota was substantially reduced, likely because the artemia populations are also decreasing (Anonymous, 2022). Restoration of wetlands in the Aral Sea basin would not just have an economic value for the local population, but also environmental benefits (Girardin, et al., 2021), and would substantially contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Nockrach, & Kalantari, 2019). The ecosystem is thus a biodiversity hotspot and as per the table, the ecosystem X gets more of the high temperature and has s size square of 100 miles. The additional nested search on the focal case study area, the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, resulted in 151 non-duplicative records, with 40 being considered as relevant (Appendix 2). Biodiversity allows us to live healthy and happy lives. list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. Also, NbS are considered amongst those tools with the greatest potential to reach the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Dubey, Singh, Chaurasia, Pandey, & Singh, 2021), (Gmez Martn, Giordano, Pagano, van der Keur, & Mez Costa, 2020), which Uzbekistan has committed to achieving by 2030 (The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics, 2022). Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. #9: India The plants need healthy soil to grow. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Hip-hop artist calls for cultivating a healthier planet. Other than adding vocabulary, what developments occur in California committed to 30x30 even before the federal government did. Using a microscope, we would be able to see hundreds or even thousands of different bacteria that inhabit the pond water. Along with a newly formed desert ecosystem, the desiccation has brought about a number of environmental, social and economic challenges to the region, impacting millions of people residing in the Aral Sea basin (Lemly, Kingsford, & Thompson, 2000). Its sometimes assumed that wildlife in national forests is automatically protected. All these have led to increased levels of soil and water salinity, as well as to the reduction of the water table of desert pastures in the Aral Sea basin (Toderich, et al., 2013b). Warmer ocean temperatures damagefragileecosystems such as coral reefs. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. With less biodiversity, these connections weaken and sometimes break, harming all the species in the ecosystem. Looking at samples of soil or water through a microscope reveals a whole world of bacteria and other tiny organisms. (2022, April 20). Tropical forests are widely considered to have the greatest species diversity of the terrestrial biomes but diversity is also high in the temperate deciduous biome and Low species diversity : The tundra biome has the least biodiversity, but the northern coniferous biome also has low species diversity. Ecosystems can also contain species too small to see with the naked eye. Its why some people have brown eyes and some people have blue eyes.Greater genetic diversity in species can make plants and animals more resistant todiseases. (2022b, April 17). Logging, mining and grazing are allowed on a significant share of public lands, including much of the Lincoln National Forest in southern New Mexico. Think youre done? Nat Clim Change 7:417422. Biodiversity includesplants,animals, fungi, and other living things. About one square kilometer of the forest was estimated to host a cluster of imperiled species, including a rabbit, a bee and several plants. As large-scale afforestation of the former Aral seabed is planned to continue through 2030, as stipulated by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of UzbekistanFootnote 2, there is at the very least a need for planning and monitoring, as well as selection of native species to ensure afforestation success. So, policymakers and scientists must collaborate to ensure that only native plant and tree species are used for afforestation, if the intervention is to count as a NbS. Science (Pre-Test) Biodiversity Flashcards | Quizlet Biodiversity refers to every living thing, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, OX1 3SZ, Oxford, UK, Shahzoda Alikhanova&Joseph William Bull, You can also search for this author in The Texas Hill Country region southwest of Austin, growing fast and with little protected land, is one example. Some include a much larger number of species. For Ecol Manag 483:118906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118906, The Ramsar Convention Seceretariat. We go on to specifically consider the possibility of applying selected NbS approaches in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, as a case study of a dryland ecosystem illustrating major environmental and social challenges. Protected areas can perform numerous benefits by preserving ecosystems and the services flowing from them, provided they are managed effectively (Oberle, Mackinnon, & Sandwith, 2021), (Carroll & Ray, 2021), (MacKinnon, Dudley, & Sandwith, 2011). Cambridge University Press. It exists in only two locations, one in southern Texas and the other in northern Mexico. Number of studies covering NbS application in global drylands with selected examples. In the United States, theEndangered Species Actprotects about 2,000 organisms that are in danger of becoming extinct. The Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI: 1999. Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability. The term nature-based solutions (NbS) reportedly emerged in the late 2000s in connection with the CBDs ecosystem approach method (Cohen-Shacham, et al., 2019), (Agol, Reid, Crick, & Wendo, 2021). The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Australia's biodiversity is in steep decline, posing major risks to human health. Endemic speciesspecies that are only found in one particular locationare also found in hotspots. GISci Remote Sens. Agrofor Syst 66:129141. Nearly half of the Asian continent is covered by drylands, which contributes to an estimated 34% of the worlds drylands. Prvlie R (2016) Drylands extent and environmental issues. Genetic diversity even prevents diseases and helps species adjust to changes in their environment. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. What suggests developmental delays in two-year-olds? Nationwide, the Interior Department is seeking public input until March 7 on questions such as what should count as conserved land and waters under President Bidens 30 percent commitment. . This site is using cookies under cookie policy . This would in turn mean increased vulnerability to droughts, decreased water availability, reduced crop yields and increased disease transmission (e.g., malaria) (Huang, Yu, Dai, Wei, & Kang, 2017), (UNCCD, 2017). Antarctica, covered almost entirely by an ice sheet, has low biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.022, Lw F, Dimov D, Kenjabaev S, Zaitov S, Stulina G, Dukhovny V (2021) Land cover change detection in the Aralkum with multi-source satellite datasets. http://nsdg.stat.uz/en, Thorslund J, Jarsjo J, Jaramillo F, Jawitz JW, Manzoni S, Basu NB, Destouni G (2017) Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions: Status and challenges for research, engineering and management. The draft of the manuscript was written by SA, and JWB, a co-author, commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin are reported to be unstable in terms of their hydrological regimes and are highly dependent on the water inflow, which in turn defines their salinity levels and ability to support native biodiversity (Schlter, et al., 2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679910039, Li J, Chen H, Zhang C, Pan T (2019) Variations in ecosystem service value in response to land use/land cover changes in Central Asia from 1995-2035. As a result, the same areas of land are sown several times over a number of years to increase the vegetation cover. https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/drylands_and_land_degradation_issues_brief_0.pdf, IUCN (2020) Guidance for using the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions: first editions. Sci Total Environ 709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136060, Lioubimtseva E, Henebry GM (2009) Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia: Impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3275, ILRI, I (2021) UNEP and ILC. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Climate change and biodiversity loss arguably represent the most substantial challenges to ecosystem health and supply of nature's contributions to people (NCP) ().They also directly and indirectly affect human health and well-being and the functioning and sustainability of human societies at the global scale (2, 3).Increases in greenhouse gas emissions now exceed 55 billion tonnes of carbon . Pesticides and erosion from human activity make matters worse.

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