[14], In October 2008, Cuba signed an agreement with the Brazilian state oil company Petrobras, which provides for Petrobras to drill for oil and gas in deep waters off the north shore of Cuba. Show sources information [3] Landfill was used to raise shallow portions of the Caspian Sea. On February 10, 1983, an Iranian oil platform above the Nowruz oil field in the northern Persian Gulf was struck by a tanker. What have we done for endangered species lately? Use Ask Statista Research Service. The main types of floating production systems are FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system). In 1969, a blowout on an offshore platform off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, spilled over four million gallons of oil. It is mainly installed by pulling it off the yard, by either wet-tow or/and dry-tow, and self-installing by controlled ballasting of the compartments with sea water. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Zarubezhneft also failed to find new oil deposits, and announced in May 2013 that they were halting further drilling and releasing the rig. Published by C.L. Before it was capped three months later, approximately 134 million gallons of oil had spilled into the ocean. REUTERS/Steve Nesius SpaceX is turning two oil rigs into offshore launch pads for its Starship rocket. One such challenge in shallower environments is seabed gouging by drifting ice features (means of protecting offshore installations against ice action includes burial in the seabed). Some gas discoveries were made by Tenneco, Texaco, and Exxon in shallow waters off New Jersey, but these were judged uneconomic at the time, and were never produced. FPSOs consist of large monohull structures, generally (but not always) shipshaped, equipped with processing facilities. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in Norwegian waters during the 1960s, the oil and gas industry has become a crucial element in the Norwegian economy and a force that shapes the lives of those who depend upon the industry for their livelihoods. These installations, sometimes called toadstools, are small platforms, consisting of little more than a well bay, helipad and emergency shelter. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. Does the world have enough oil to meet our future needs? after BP spill", "The offshore drilling life: cramped and dangerous", "Potential for big spill after oil rig sinks", http://www.oilandgas.org.uk/issues/piperalpha/v0000864.cfm, http://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/reports/decommissioning-in-the-north-sea, "Decommissioning and Rigs-to-Reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: FAQs", "Ecological Performance and Trophic Links: Comparisons Among Platforms And Natural Reefs For Selected Fish And Their Prey", "Diver-based under water survey techniques used to assess fish populations and fouling community development on offshore oil and gas platform structures", "The impact of extreme weather on offshore production in the Gulf of Mexico", "Methane Emissions from Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico", "The reaction that would give us clean fossil fuels forever", "BASF researchers working on fundamentally new, low-carbon production processes, Methane Pyrolysis", "low-cost, low-emissions technology that can convert methane into hydrogen without forming CO, "The Afterlife of Old Offshore Oil Rigs ASME", "Ageing oil rigs could be used to store carbon and fight climate change", "SpaceX acquires former oil rigs to serve as floating Starship spaceports", An independent review of offshore platforms in the North Sea, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_platform&oldid=1146207135, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2010, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, the Caspian Sea (notably some major fields offshore, major offshore oil fields are located in the. Opponents of offshore oil drilling claim that one oil rig can "dump more than 90,000 metric tons of drilling fluid and metal cuttings into the ocean" over its lifetime (data from Culture Change). Profit from the additional features of your individual account. In a column published 5 June 2008, syndicated columnist George Will wrote that a Chinese oil company was then drilling in Cuban waters 60 miles (97km) from the Florida coast, a claim that was repeated by candidates in favor of offshore drilling. [33] Gas production required the construction of an undersea, offshore pipeline to link the production wells with gas markets. Hibernia is situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, close to Canada. The station replaced a . "Number of United States oil and gas rigs in operation at the end of each month from November 2020 to November 2022." ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The Trump administration recently authorized offshore oil and gas exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, an area previously off limits. An oil platform (or oil rig, offshore platform, oil production platform, and similar terms) is a large structure with facilities to extract and process petroleum and natural gas that lie in rock formations beneath the seabed. A few platforms operate in depths of 10,000 feet or more. In 1937, Pure Oil Company (now Chevron Corporation) and its partner Superior Oil Company (now part of ExxonMobil Corporation) used a fixed platform to develop a field in 14 feet (4.3m) of water, one mile (1.6km) offshore of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana. Drilling for oil also increased by 16 units, to 409. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Generally, oil spills harm ocean life in two ways: Fouling or oiling: Fouling or oiling occurs when oil physically harms a plant or animal. The "conventional" TLP is a 4-column design that looks similar to a semisubmersible. The Florida Geological Survey hosts an interactive map of permitted oil and gas wells in the state. In any case, that made Kerr-McGee's well the first oil discovery drilled out of sight of land. Let us know. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (Image credit: Blair Witherington/Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), NOAA in your backyard: Education contacts near you, NOAA Sea to Sky: Education resource database, Information for NOAA student opportunity alumni, Conservation Service Corp Act Direct Hiring Authority, What happens to oil at the oceans surface? SOEP is owned by ExxonMobil Canada Limited (50.8%), Shell Canada Limited (31.3%), Imperial Oil Limited (9.0%), Pengrowth (8.4%) and Moshbacher Operating Limited (0.5%). In, Baker Hughes. In the . Oil spills can happen anywhere oil is drilled, transported, or used. The government then put up over 80 million acres of the Gulf of Mexico at auction, and companies bid on the right to drill in over 1.7 million offshore acres. Cuban officials said that they expected Zarubezhneft to return to drilling in 2014. Concrete caisson structures, pioneered by the Condeep concept, often have in-built oil storage in tanks below the sea surface and these tanks were often used as a flotation capability, allowing them to be built close to shore (Norwegian fjords and Scottish firths are popular because they are sheltered and deep enough) and then floated to their final position where they are sunk to the seabed. In, Baker Hughes. But it was Kerr-McGee Oil Industries (now part of Occidental Petroleum), as operator for partners Phillips Petroleum (ConocoPhillips) and Stanolind Oil & Gas (BP), that completed its historic Ship Shoal Block 32 well in October 1947, months before Superior actually drilled a discovery from their Vermilion platform farther offshore. Statista. Information is searchable by address, and sites are organized into the following categories: InjectionProducer Saltwater Disposal Plugged & Abandoned Dry Hole Junked Never Drilled Temporarily Abandoned Around 1891, the first submerged oil wells were drilled from platforms built on piles in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Marys (a.k.a. [Online]. Baker Hughes. ", Baker Hughes, Number of oil and gas rigs worldwide as of October 2022, by region and type Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/326727/global-gas-and-oil-rig-numbers-by-region/ (last visited May 02, 2023), Number of oil and gas rigs worldwide as of October 2022, by region and type [Graph], Baker Hughes, November 4, 2022. Various types of structure are used: steel jacket, concrete caisson, floating steel, and even floating concrete. On Valentine's Day, 1982, most of the 84 crew of the oil exploration/drilling rig Ocean Ranger would be thinking of loved ones far away on the mainland. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. Since then, many semi-submersibles have been purpose-designed for the drilling industry mobile offshore fleet. The border of the United States extends 200 miles beyond the coastline. The world's worst offshore oil rig disasters The most lethal element in offshore life often comes from harsh weather conditions and the daily threat of an unforgiving ocean. A paid subscription is required for full access. website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Ten years ago an experimental satellite-based Marine Pollution Surveillance Report program was thrust into the national spotlight during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 established (among other things) that those responsible for oil spills can be held responsible to pay for cleanup and restoration. [37], Commercial oil and gas drilling has never occurred offshore Virginia. [17], In July 2009, Cuba signed an agreement with the Russian government giving the Russian oil company Zarubezhneft oil exploration rights in shallower waters closer to the north shore of Cuba. Larger platforms are assisted by smaller ESVs (emergency support vessels) like the British Iolair that are summoned when something has gone wrong, e.g. The Rig's strength, wealth, and secrets have long been a point of dispute among the influential and powerful. Offshore Newfoundland held 38% of Canadas conventional petroleum reserves (excluding oil sands) at the end of 2011. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Offshore Methods Engineer (OME) who defines the installation methodology of the platform; offshore operations engineer (OOE) who is the senior technical authority on the platform; PSTL or operations coordinator for managing crew changes; dynamic positioning operator, navigation, ship or vessel maneuvering (MODU), station keeping, fire and gas systems operations in the event of incident; automation systems specialist, to configure, maintain and troubleshoot the process control systems (PCS), process safety systems, emergency support systems and vessel management systems; second mate to meet manning requirements of flag state, operates fast rescue craft, cargo operations, fire team leader; third mate to meet manning requirements of flag state, operate fast rescue craft, cargo operations, fire team leader; ballast control operator to operate fire and gas systems; crane operators to operate the cranes for lifting cargo around the platform and between boats; scaffolders to rig up scaffolding for when it is required for workers to work at height; coxswains to maintain the lifeboats and manning them if necessary; control room operators, especially FPSO or production platforms; catering crew, including people tasked with performing essential functions such as cooking, laundry and cleaning the accommodation; production techs to run the production plant; maintenance technicians (instrument, electrical or mechanical). These efforts among others are contained in the established term integrated operations. Six wells recovered natural gas and/or condensate on cased hole drillstem test. Follow the struggle for the ultimate prizecontrol . It is operated by Royal Dutch Shell and was built at a cost of $3billion. The issue of allowing oil and gas exploration offshore Florida became a hotly contested topic in the 2008 US elections. These platforms have hulls (columns and pontoons) of sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to float, but of weight sufficient to keep the structure upright. Most drillships are outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain position over the well. Fixed platforms are economically feasible for installation in water depths up to about 520m (1,710ft). Leading U.S. oil and gas producers based on market cap October 2022, Crude oil production in the U.S. by state 2021, West Texas Intermediate annual average oil price 1976-2023. Where the oil is spilled, what kinds of plants, animals, and habitats are found there, and the amount and type of oil, among other things, can influence how much harm an oil spill causes. [4], No oil or gas has been produced from the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf. They can drill in water depths up to 3,700m (12,100ft).[19]. cultural suppression definition; ja'marr chase net worth 2022; how long to cook brownies in 11x7 glass pan; [32], Drilling has taken place in offshore Atlantic Canada since 1967. and is typically fixed to the ocean floor . Biodiesel, renewable diesel, and other biofuels, U.S. offshore dry natural gas production data, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. These platforms are moored to a location for extended periods, and do not actually drill for oil or gas. In early 1947, Superior Oil erected a drilling/production platform in 20ft (6.1m) of water some 18 miles[vague] off Vermilion Parish, Louisiana. Offshore oil production involves environmental risks, most notably oil spills from oil tankers or pipelines transporting oil from the platform to onshore facilities, and from leaks and accidents on the platform. offshore Turkmenistan Waters (Caspian Sea) and offshore New Zealand). This region consists of about 1,394 miles (2,243 km) of coastline. Over the last 30 years, NOAA has helped recover over $9 billion from those responsible for the oil spill to restore the ocean and Great Lakes. Ten gigawatts is only what California needs in offshore wind energy to hit 100 percent clean energy by 2045; hundreds more could be harvested from the ocean wind over time. All the leases have now reverted to the government. Mobil and Marathon Oil sued the federal government to recover money paid for the leases. Results from ESA's ERS satellites helped establish the widespread existence of these 'rogue' waves and are now being used to study their origins. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. National Environmental Policy Act and Offshore Renewable Energy, Geological and Geophysical Historical Data, Atlantic G&G PEIS Record of Decision (ROD), Atlantic G&G Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS). Find even more resources on oil spillsinour searchable resource database. But when oil accidentally spills into the ocean, it can cause big problems. [1] In some arrangements the main facility may have storage facilities for the processed oil. The base of the Hibernia oil rigs were built in the early 1990s. Rates were variable, often declining over time. The report was commissioned in 1988, and was delivered in November 1990. The first offshore drilling platform was constructed in 1897 at the end of a wharf. It was noticed that the motions at this draught were very small, and Blue Water Drilling and Shell jointly decided to try operating the rig in its floating mode. The rig then starts working, using a diesel engine to create a torque that will help it navigate through the water. Number of oil and gas rigs worldwide as of October 2022, by region and type [Graph]. The trend today is to conduct more of the production operations subsea, by separating water from oil and re-injecting it rather than pumping it up to a platform, or by flowing to onshore, with no installations visible above the sea. Offshore drilling for oil and gas on the Atlantic coast of the United States took place from 1947 to the early 1980s. Given the number of grievances and conspiracy theories that involve the oil business, and the importance of gas/oil platforms to the economy, platforms in the United States are believed to be potential terrorist targets. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. You only have access to basic statistics. . The ocean area between the border and the coast is called the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and includes areas administered by state governments and the federal government. Business Solutions including all features. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Statista. Chart. A drillship is a maritime vessel that has been fitted with drilling apparatus. The rig, owned by Transocean and drilling for BP, exploded and caught fire on April 20, 2010 off the Louisiana coast. Marine Minerals Mapping and Data Events Breadcrumb Home Oil and Gas - Atlantic The Atlantic OCS Area is divided into four planning areas along the Atlantic seaboard: North Atlantic Mid-Atlantic South Atlantic Straits of Florida Historical Background Ten oil and gas lease sales were held in the Atlantic between 1976 and 1983. Offshore oil and gas production is more challenging than land-based installations due to the remote and harsher environment. On December 1, 2010, the Obama Administration closed Atlantic and eastern Gulf areas to drilling. The following also are not names officially recognized in the industry: Drill crew will be on board if the installation is performing drilling operations. Remote subsea wells may also be connected to a platform by flow lines and by umbilical connections. Since then, the European Union has created stronger laws to ensure the safety of workers at sea and the clean-up of ocean pollution by enacting OSPAR, the Bonn . Follow us to learn about opportunities to participate in our efforts and how we engage. Production and drilling facilities may be very large and a large investment, such as the Troll A platform standing on a depth of 300 meters. Semi-submersibles can be used in water depths from 60 to 6,000 metres (200 to 20,000ft). [29], From 1976 though 1982, oil companies drilled ten exploratory wells in the U.S. portion of the Georges Bank Basin, about 120 miles (190km) off the coast of Massachusetts. The MMS requested funding for an Environmental Impact Statement to decide whether of not to allow the proposed seismic surveys. Completed in the 1960s, the light station was installed 32 miles off the coast of North Carolina using a four-legged base that once belonged to an oil drilling platform. In 2021, offshore oil and natural gas production in the Federal Gulf of Mexico accounted for about 15% of total U.S. crude oil production and about 2% of total U.S. dry natural gas production. You only have access to basic statistics. Restoration projects are important because they speed up the amount of time it takes for different species and habitats to recover. All wells were abandoned as non-commercial, at the time. These are capable of operating in water depths up to 3,000 metres (9,800ft). As the pontoons were not sufficiently buoyant to support the weight of the rig and its consumables, it was towed between locations at a draught midway between the top of the pontoons and the underside of the deck. They usually receive higher salaries than onshore workers do. Early offshore drilling occured in areas where the water was less than 300 feet deep. Oil platform Mittelplate in the North Sea Refurbishment Station for Drilling Rigs - Corpus Christi Bay The rig should be built on a platform or on a structure that is already there, such as an existing pier or dock. Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. In shallower waters, the mobile units are anchored to the seabed. In less than a century, oil rigs evolved to operate in waters beyond sight of land and plunge to depths that 19th-century man had only dared to dream of. Floating production, storage and offloading, FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system), FSO (floating storage and offloading system), California Artificial Reef Enhancement Program, Offshore oil and gas in the United States, Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 10 Reasons Not to Drill for Oil Offshore of Florida, "Beyond Sight of Land: A History of Oil Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico", "Project Redsand CIO | Protecting The Redsand Towers", "Azerbaijan's Oil History: Brief Oil Chronology since 1920 Part 2", "History of offshore drilling units PetroWiki", "RIGZONE Offshore Rig Data, Onshore Fleet Analysis", "UPDATE 1-Shell starts production at Perdido", "Contracts let for Marjan oil field development. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The Atlantic Ocean is a vast, important part of our ecosystem. Anywhere oil is collected, transported, or refined there is a risk of oil spills. [28] In 2022, the Baltimore Canyon Offshore area was identified by researchers as a "carbon bomb," with the potential to produce 1.2 gigatons of CO2 emissions if its reserves were extracted and burnt. In the North Sea, staff members are transported by helicopter for a two-week shift. (December 22, 2022). [Online]. The wide but shallow reservoir was built from 1837 to 1845 to provide water to the Miami and Erie Canal. In June 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled for the oil companies in the Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing Southeast, Inc. v. United States, 530 U.S. 604 (2000), and ordered the federal government to repay $158 million. Larger lake- and sea-based offshore platforms and drilling rig for oil. [34] The Sable Project produces between 400 and 500 million cubic feet of natural gas and 20,000 barrels (3,200m3) of natural gas liquids every day. It also has the ability, by adjusting the mooring line tensions (using chain-jacks attached to the mooring lines), to move horizontally and to position itself over wells at some distance from the main platform location. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. The jacks shall be released gradually whilst the GBS is ballasted to ensure that the GBS does not sway too much from target location. Subsea facilities are also easier to expand, with new separators or different modules for different oil types, and are not limited by the fixed floor space of an above-water installation. The first offshore drillship was the CUSS 1 developed for the Mohole project to drill into the Earth's crust. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. ADVERTISEMENT Sensitive habitats need extra consideration during oil spill cleanup. A typical oil production platform is self-sufficient in energy and water needs, housing electrical generation, water desalinators and all of the equipment necessary to process oil and gas such that it can be either delivered directly onshore by pipeline or to a floating platform or tanker loading facility, or both. Methane pyrolysis produces non-polluting hydrogen in high volume from this natural gas at low cost. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. By 2040, the gross . "Number of Oil and Gas Rigs Worldwide as of October 2022, by Region and Type. The Hibernia platform in Canada is the world's heaviest offshore platform, located on the Jeanne D'Arc Basin, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland. In 1938, Humble Oil built a mile-long wooden trestle with railway tracks into the sea at McFadden Beach on the Gulf of Mexico, placing a derrick at its end this was later destroyed by a hurricane.[4]. Gas drilling increased by 16 rigs to 773. On April 21, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon platform, 52 miles off-shore of Venice, Louisiana, (property of Transocean and leased to BP) exploded, killing 11 people, and sank two days later. were Kerr-McGee's Boomvang and Nansen. One of the world's deepest hubs is currently the Perdido in the Gulf of Mexico, floating in 2,438 meters of water. Once dismissed as a nautical myth, freakish ocean waves that rise as tall as ten-storey apartment blocks have been accepted as a leading cause of large ship sinkings. The Goose Creek field near Baytown, Texas, is one such example. As an offshore worker, you will benefit from plenty of training to ensure best practise at all times Before starting your offshore life, you will also undergo a medical examination to make sure you're suitable for work on a rig. Most of the energy the United States gets from the ocean is oil and natural gas from wells drilled on the ocean floor. Oil spills can harm sea creatures, ruin a day at the beach, and make seafood unsafe to eat. Offshore rigs are shut down during hurricanes. [7], Five wells were drilled Florida state waters in the Straits of Florida (in waters off the Florida Keys) from 1946 to 1962. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. [30] None were successful. This process of assessing the impacts of a spill and reaching a settlement to fund restoration projects is called Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). To position the GBS during installation, the GBS may be connected to either a transportation barge or any other barge (provided it is large enough to support the GBS) using strand jacks. Skimmers are used off of boats and can skim oil from the sea surface. In the decade since the largest oil spill in American history, scientists have advanced lessons learned during the Deepwater Horizon response and assessment to prepare for future oil spill disasters. When oil spills happen in the ocean, in the Great Lakes, on the shore, or in rivers that flow into these coastal waters, NOAA experts may get involved. One of the rigs, called Phobus, is being built in Mississippi, The Sun Herald reported.. [24], When President Biden took office in January 2021, he issued an executive order halting new oil and gas leases across federal lands and waters, but a federal judge in Louisiana immediately struck it down. The wells were drilled from piers extending from land out into the channel. A furious game of power and greed is set in motion as the stakes rise and the secrets deepen. In November 1988, the American-owned oil tanker Odyssey split in two 700 miles off the coast of Nova Scotia. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. Most of these spills are small, for example when oil spills while refueling a ship. These include bottom-founded drilling rigs (jackup barges and swamp barges), combined drilling and production facilities, either bottom-founded or floating platforms, and deepwater mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), including semi-submersibles and drillships. A summary document of the eight exploratory wells drilled in the North Atlantic is currently available. [10] The US Geological Survey estimates that the North Cuba Basin contains 5.5billion barrels (870,000,000m3) of undiscovered petroleum liquids and 9.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, almost all in the offshore part of the basin.[11]. Show publisher information The largest marine oil spill in all of U.S. history was the Deepwater Horizon spill. The base . Please do not hesitate to contact me. While the eastern Gulf of Mexico is under a congressional drilling ban until 2021, the Atlantic Coast has current limits that expire in 2017. The oldest offshore well recorded in Infield's offshore database is the Bibi Eibat well which came on stream in 1923 in Azerbaijan. It is approximately 488m long and 74m wide with displacement of around 600,000t when fully ballasted. Each US state along the Atlantic coast owns as territorial waters out to three nautical miles (3.45 statute, or land miles) from the shore at mean low tide, and has jurisdiction to decide whether or not, and under what terms, to lease the territory for oil and gas. Royal Dutch Shell has developed the first Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facility, which is situated approximately 200km off the coast of Western Australia.
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how many oil rigs are in the atlantic ocean