russian nuclear submarine off the eastern coast

"China is deeply worried about the continuous escalation of the conflict and possibility of the situation spiralling out of control," said Chinese minister Qin Gang. After languishing in storage for 14 years, a 2003 storm ripped K-159 from its pontoons during a transport operation, and the battered hulk plunged to the floor of the Barents Sea, killing nine crewmen. Each of the 32 Sineva missiles carries four 100-kiloton warheads, for a total of 128 warheads and up to 12.8 megatons of nuclear firepower. The K-159 fastened topontoons during the 2003 towing. That impact has reduced decision space for a national senior leader in a time of crisis.. Two nuclear-powered Russian attack submarines have been patrolling off the eastern seaboard of the United States in the first mission of its kind so close to shore Nyet today, bear! Russia Moscow still controls one-fifth of Ukraine, but has seen major battlefield defeats and hopes of a quick victory dashed. Kyles articles have appeared at The Daily Beast, U.S. Two have entered service since 2014 and a third is undergoing sea trials. [13], On 10 August 1985, control rods were incorrectly removed from a Victor-class submarine during defueling at Chazma Bay naval yard outside Vladivostok, resulting in an explosion, the "release of large amounts of radioactivity", and ten deaths. The visits would help strengthen surveillance and response capabilities by allied countries, which ensures better situational awareness and increases the safety of underwater infrastructure such as submarine cables in the waters around Iceland, the Icelandic Foreign Ministry said in an April 18 statement. "The empty spaces of the reactor and equipment associated with the reactor were filled with a solidifying radiation-resistant preservative"[16] and K-27 was scuttled off the northeastern coast of Novaya Zemlya on 6 September 1982. [citation needed] One undated article placed a Hotel-class submarine at Sevmorput Naval Shipyard No. The K-27 lies at 50 meters. Sometimes, the Soviets skipped the de-fueling step beforehand, ditching the reactors with their highly radioactive fuel rods still intact. The K-27 limped back to port, but after years of analysis, naval crews deemed it impossible to save. [citation needed] TK-13 was withdrawn from active service in 1997, and scrapped in 20072009, "funded by Russia, USA and Canada as part of the ['Global partnership' program]". "Nuclear-powered submarines have been deploying off the coast of the United States and into the Mediterranean and elsewhere along Europe periphery," Russia Maritime Studies Institute (RMSI) Director Michael Peterson told Newsweek, warning the deployments "mirror Soviet style submarine deployments in the Cold War.". Increased Russian naval activity in the North Atlantic is also not entirely limited to submarines. "[31], Three of the six Typhoons have been scrapped. Some are capable of carrying ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads, which Moscow considers key to its strategic deterrent. The November class vessels were top-of-the-line attack submarines designed to locate surface vessels and opposing submarines using a powerful MG-200 sonar system. He pointed to Operation Atrina, which reportedly saw five Victor III nuclear-powered attack submarines reach the U.S. east coast undetected, operating there from In 2019, 10 Russian submarines, eight of them nuclear-powered, conducted a surge deployment from Arctic bases into the North Atlantic with the apparent aim of sailing as far as possible without being detected by NATO. [11] Under AMEC's successor, Cooperative Threat Reduction, the British government financed the dismantling of two Oscar I submarines. VanHerck in 2021 described the submarines as being "on par with" domestic submarines in terms of quietness. Naval Forces in Europe and Africa, had said in 2018. Petersen compared this to the Cold War and said the Soviet Union employed similar tactics near the end of the conflict. Naval War College told Newsweek. The type, which can carry up to 40 Kalibr missiles, among other weapons, is known for having an especially low acoustic signature. NS Arktika was taken out of service and had its reactor removed in 2008. [20][29] The Alfa reactors use a liquid metal coolant that must be kept at a temperature over 123C to avoid solidifying; a 2002 paper reports that the coolant in both K-123 and K-373 has solidified. WebA Russian nuclear-powered attack submarine sailed within 200 miles of the U.S. East Coast, defense officials told the Washington Free Beacon. The subs "mirror Soviet-style submarine deployments in the Cold War," Petersen said. The K-3 prototype sailed for the first time using nuclear power on July 4, 1958. He added: "So that's going to be a weakness going forward for the next several years until the conflict is over, and the Navy is able to reconstitute. [4] However, the safety records of the Soviet and Russian navies and Russian governmental budgetary constraints are matters of great concern. Heartbroken dad issues warning after son, 13, dies in TikTok challenge, Red flag after possible suspect in missing brothers case made eerie request, Two dead and four injured after 19-year-old 'opens fire at prom after party', $80k reward offered for shooting suspect Francisco Oropesa after five killed, 2020 THE SUN, US, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | TERMS OF USE | PRIVACY | YOUR AD CHOICES | SITEMAP, Officials have warned that submarines have been deployed off U.S. coasts in a military move similar to Soviet Cold War-style combat. The U.S. Navy is also undergoing a modernization drive. [1] As of November 2001, "up to 40% of the decommissioned submarines have been in floating storage without much maintenance for more than 10 years".[1]. All of the survivors remain laid-up hulks in Russian naval bases (K-14, K-42, K-115 and K-133 of the Pacific Fleet, as well as K-11 and K-21 of the Northern Fleet). But I wouldnt count on it. In February 2020, U.S. Navy Vice Admiral Andrew "Woody" Lewis told the U.S. Receive breaking news and original analysis - sent right to your inbox. It could also help in the development of new tactics, techniques, and procedures for both submarine and anti-submarine warfare. Early in the Cold War, the US developed the Sound Surveillance System, or SOSUS, a classified network of sonars meant to detect and identify Soviet submarines in the strategically located Greenland-Iceland-UK gap in the North Atlantic. Decommissioning of Russian nuclear-powered vessels - Wikipedia Putin meanwhile is believed to be attempting to get China to side with him and give him weapons. He has covered legislation, acquisition and operations for the Sea Services since 2009 and spent time underway with the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and the Canadian Navy. But the disposal of these submarines posed more problems than previous conventional vessels. [17], On 4 June 2010, Voice of Russia reported that K-222, the sole member of the Papa class, had been scrapped at Severodvinsk.[19]. Constantine Atlamazoglou works on transatlantic and European security. [3][7] In some cases, however, only the reactor compartment is removed, and pontoons attached to keep it afloat. Recent composite unit training exercises that the 2nd Fleet has overseen, which are capstone events for the deployment of larger groups of warships, such as carrier strike groups and expeditionary strike groups, are the best and most challenging operating Ive ever done in my time in the Navy," he continued. Lewis is the commander of the Navy's 2nd Fleet, which the service reactivated in 2018 specifically to address the surge in Russia's submarine operations in the Atlantic. noted at the time, the exercise could also give Russian submarines an opportunity to train on flooding the so-called GIUK Gap standing for Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom which refers to paths between the Norweigan Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. According to the Bellona, the Northern Fleet also jettisoned 17,000 containers of hazardous nuclear material and deliberately sunk 19 vessels packed with radioactive waste, along with 735 contaminated pieces of heavy machinery. The Russian Navy exercise is similar to the Anglo-American ICEX 2018 exercise, when the U.S. submarines USS Hampton and USS Hartford and Royal Navy submarine HMS Trenchant surfaced together in the Arctic. That followed an incident near Estonia in March, when a Russian refueling plane failed to communicate with Estonian air traffic control, The Associated Press reported. Putin started his "special military operation" in Ukraine in February 2022 with the warning for the West and NATO allies to remain uninvolved. Russia Nuclear Submarines Deployed Off U.S. Coast Spark WebA nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor, reactor compartments scuttled off the east coast of Novaya Zemlya in the Kara Sea in 1966. He lives in San Francisco. RUSSIAN submarines with nuclear weapons have been deployed off the U.S. coast in a move that hearkens back to devastating Cold War combat, officials said. In 2012, a joint Norwegian/Russian inspection of the K-27 wreck revealed little deteriorationbut naval experts think the sub might only stay intact until 2032. Three Russian nuclear submarines deployed off US [30], The two Oscar Is were decommissioned in 1996. Russia's more advanced submarine fleets also include diesel-electric types, including the Project 636 Varshavyanka class, or Improved Kilo class, and the Project 677 Lada class, both of which are attack submarine types. Scrapping was completed in 20032005. [citation needed] Several of them have been scrapped already. Russian nuclear submarine Yuri Dolgorukiy (NATO reporting name: SSBN "Borei", or "Dolgorukiy") is seen during the Navy Day Military parade July, 27, 2014, in Severomorsk. deploying off the coast of the United States, SCOTUS Now Just Another Congressional Committee, Secret Chinese Police Stations in Europe Are 'Tip of the Iceberg', Trump's Attorney Just Blew Carroll Rape Case, King Charles Says Royals Require 'Acting Ability', Ukraine Will Regain 'Significant Territory' From Russia, Florida GOP Paves the Way to Help Ron DeSantis Challenge Trump. [31] By 2006, it was reported that their dismantling, funded by the United Kingdom under the Cooperative Threat Reduction program, had been completed at Sevmash shipyard. And it is one Ukrainian leader Zelensky warned couldtrigger World War 3. The Northern Fleet bases are roughly 900 kilometers west of the Kara Sea dumping grounds. The ultimate bastion for Russian submarines is in the far north, under the pack ice. "[22], According to some sources, all 16 Victor Is and seven Victor IIs were decommissioned by 1996. Former submariner Tom Shugart, the adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, said its deployment could be "to show whomever needs to be reminded that the U.S. is willing and able to send SSBNs to virtually any ocean area it chooses, undetected.". U.S denies it carried out operations in Russian territorial waters He characterized Russia as the primary threat to the country right now. In October of 1995, 12 decommissioned Soviet subs awaited disposal in Murmansk, each with fuel cells, reactors, and nuclear waste still aboard. [7] "Reactor compartments from Polyarny and other shipyards at the Kola Peninsula and in Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk county, are towed to Sayda Bay". [3][5] Decommissioned vessels are often left in floating storage until funds can be allocated for their dismantling. First, decades of accumulated corrosion and stress limit the safe-dive depth of veteran boats. The equivalent of six-and-a-half Hiroshimas lies just beneath the ocean's surface. Russian submarine with 160 nukes on board surfaces off Refreshed US-Philippine relations revive fighter jet training paused 3 decades ago, Victims of Army helicopter collision in Alaska include 2 chief warrant officers, Sexual Facebook post spurs UN Command to review its social media policies, Reports of sexual assaults increased in Navy, Air Force and Marines in 2022; Army saw decline, New bill aims to expand mental health care for military families, K-Town Now features the latest news from the Kaiserslautern Military Community. Increased Russian sub activity means that the Navy no longer views sailing off the East Coast or across the Atlantic to be uncontested movements. There was never any indication that the Coast Guard had corroborated those reports and it was unclear where the originated from in the first place. (U.S. Embassy Reykjavik). NORTHCOM: Russia Close to Persistent Nuclear Cruise Missile Attack Sub Presence off U.S. At the same time, newer vessels incorporate the latest advances in power plant technology, metallurgy, hull shape, low-friction coatings, and propeller design, making for faster, quieter, deeper-diving, and more deadly undersea combat vessels. The latest warnings come as Vladimir Putin's war in Ukraine has stretched into its second year and the U.S. continues to ramp up support for Ukraine's defense efforts. A A. U.S. military commanders and experts are sounding warnings about the buildup of Russian submarines off American coasts. US nuclear-powered submarine stops in Iceland for first time The Russian ship, which has made numerous trips to the Western Hemisphere over the years, left waters off the East Coast of the United States before the end of the year. From his description of the situation in the North Atlantic, it sounds like Navy ships, submarines, and aircraft have increasing opportunities now to put that training to the test in what might he been considered routine transits a decade ago. RUSSIAN submarines with nuclear weapons have been deployed off the U.S. coast in a move that hearkens back to devastating Cold War combat, officials said. Russia assumed responsibility for all of the Soviet Navy's nuclear-powered ships, but agreements between agencies responsible for decommissioning had to be renegotiated. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. In 1995, a Northern Fleet submarine based near Murmansk nearly suffered a nuclear meltdown when power was cut off due to unpaid electricity bills. Experts have said new technologies will make detecting enemy subs more complex than ever in the years ahead. After the "somewhat acrimonious dissolution" of AMEC, the Norwegian and British governments shared the 3.9 million cost of dismantling a Russian November-class submarine. The Russians have also recently delivered two new strategic nuclear submarines. The Los Angeles-class submarine USS San Juan stopped for supplies and personnel in waters off Icelands west coast on Wednesday, U.S. Nuclear A month earlier, OSINT and Naval analyst HI Sutton said there has been a build-up of Russian Navy forces in the Mediterranean. Lewis said that all of this has impacted how the Navy prepares ships and submarines and their crews for deployments, with a greater focus on high-end operations during pre-deployment exercises and a greater emphasis on operational security in case someone is watching. From 1950 to 2003, the Soviet Union and its major successor state, Russia, constructed the largest nuclear-powered navy in the world,[2] with more ships than all other navies combined:[3] 248 submarines (91 attack submarines, 62 cruise missile submarines, 91 ballistic missile submarines and four research submarines), four Kirov-class battlecruisers, and a missile test ship,[1] as well as nine icebreakers. The Soviet Unions first nuclear-powered submarine was the K-3, the first of the NATO code-named November class (the Soviets called them the Whale class). It has a crew of about 143 and is homeported in Groton, Conn. This week, NATO announced that it would set up a "coordination cell" to help militaries and industry work together "and boost the security of Allied undersea infrastructure.". Coast Russia has modernized their fleet of icebreakers. The Los Angeles-class submarine USS San Juan stops for supplies and personnel April 26, 2023, off the coast of Iceland accompanied by an Icelandic coast Nine of the 10 crew onboard the K-159 died during the transport operation. We need persistence that requires icebreakers. Infrastructure is a big concern for me, whether that be runway links, whether that be buildings, whether that be weapons storage, whether that be fuel storage, he said. Russia has invested heavily in modernizing its submarine fleet, which has grown to 58 vessels, although 10 of them are more than 35 years old. Negotiators for Hollywood writers and film and television studios engaged in 11th-hour contract talks Monday to try and . Nuclear submarine Since then, Russian submarines have deployed more often and for longer and their activity close to critical undersea infrastructure has increased. (Most Russian submarines have two reactors, "in separate rooms, but in the same compartment. 2nd Fleet, which does not technically have any ships assigned to it and shares administrative space with U.S. Fleet Forces Command at Hampton Roads, is primarily responsible for overseeing these preparations. There are indications that "nuclear-powered submarines have been deploying off the coast of the United States and into the Mediterranean and elsewhere along Europe periphery," Michael Peterson, director of the Russia Maritime Studies Institute (RMSI), which conducts research on Russian military and economic issues linked to the world's oceans, told Newsweek. NS Lenin, the world's first nuclear-powered surface and civilian ship, was decommissioned in 1989. [14] According to one source, the shipyard "likely dismantled" the submarine the same year.[15]. NBC News on patrol in the North Atlantic hunting for Russian nuclear submarines lurking close to Europes vital energy lifelines - the oil and gas fields off the coast of Norway. The Soviets built five Echo Isequipped with six P-5 turbo-jet powered cruise missiles to hit targets on landthen launched 29 Echo IIs, specifically equipped with anti-shipping missiles meant to neutralize American aircraft carriers. Vice Adm. Daniel Dwyer, commander of the US Navy's Virginia-based 2nd Fleet which was reactivated in 2018 in response to growing naval threats said in 2022 that the Atlantic "no longer provided that geography" that enabled the defense of the mainland US "that we've enjoyed for so many decades.". Mothballed nuclear submarines pose the potential for disaster even before scrapping begins. 095-296 which laid down formal procedures for decommissioning and dismantling inactive nuclear submarines. [citation needed], K-5 was defueled at the naval yard at Polyarny in November 1966. Russian nuclear submarine of the Borey project, which carries 16 Bulava ballistic missiles on board, unexpectedly appeared off the coast of the United States, It comes as Putin has been adamant about adding nuclear weapons to Russia's arsenal in case there is a conflict between the U.S. and NATO, officials have warned. [The risk is] absolutely increasing. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. WebNew York Times this morning and had a serious 1962 flashback.The Times reports today that two Akula-class Russian nuclear submarines are patrolling international waters just off the East Coast. This, in turn, showed the ability of that force, which might have included ballistic missile and guided-missile submarines, the latter of which may be able to carry Zircon hypersonic cruise missiles in the future, to hold targets on the East Coast of the United States at risk. It has a total of 64 submarines in its fleet, including 50 nuclear-powered attack submarines, which are tasked with engaging and destroying enemy vessels; Throughout the war, which began in the late 40s and ended in the early 90s, ballistic missile and submarine technology improved, meaning the ships could spread out deep into the ocean and still be in firing range. Russia's Pacific Fleet Lacks 'Combat Power' Despite Posturing: . Three of the country's most powerful attack submarines were reportedly deployed by the U.S. Navy in July 2021. In addition, this could seriously damage plans for the development of the Northern Sea Routeship owners will refuse to sail along it.. And in October 2022, the U.S. Navy deployed its stealthiest U.S. submarine in the Arabian Sea, the Ohio-class SSBN. Technology, performance and design delivered to your inbox. [20], The 11 Charlie Is and seven Charlie IIs were decommissioned for scrapping between 1990 and 1994. She has reported for a variety of publications in Montana, Nevada and Louisiana, and served as editor of newspapers in Louisiana, Oregon and Washington. [4] Many were or are powered by two reactors each, bringing the total to 468 reactors.[4]. 2022Recurrent Ventures. The Russian Navy has taken delivery of what is the world's longest known submarine, one its maker touts as a research vessel -- but what others say is a platform "The embarrassment is just going to keep growing over this," Laura Harth, the campaign director at Safeguard Defenders, told Newsweek. A majority of the Soviets nuclear submarine classes operated from the Arctic-based Northern Fleet, headquartered in the northwestern port city of Murmansk. Victor Leonov: Russian spy ship off Hawaii. Florida has seen its The ice appears to differ in thickness. "We have seen an ever-increasing number of Russian submarines deployed in the Atlantic, and these submarines are more capable than ever, deploying for longer periods of time, with more lethal weapons systems," Lewis said at the time. The expert warned that Russia is a "critical challenge" for state officials. Video by Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, .css-v1xtj3{display:block;font-family:FreightSansW01,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:100;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-v1xtj3:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.1387rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-v1xtj3{line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.18581rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.23488rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}Start Gardening Early By Building This Cold Frame, The Pentagons New Secret Weapon: Spy Balloons, How the B-29 Modernized the U.S. Air Force, Why the A-10 Warthog Is Such a Badass Plane, Inside the Air Force's Top Secret 'Project Mayhem', How Three Amateurs Solved the Zodiac Cipher, How To Build a Low Sawhorse for Your Workshop. Their campaign against strategic infrastructure targets has slowed down. Vlad is desperate to win to save himself - and sees the war as part of a wider conflict with the West. Last December, Putin vowed to build more-nuclear powered submarines that "will ensure Russia's security for decades to come.". In wartime, the subs would hide under the ice from NATO anti-submarine forces. During the defense's cross-examination of E. Jean Carroll, Trump's attorney asked the writer why she "did not scream" when she was "supposedly raped.". Last October, U.S. Air Force General Glen VanHerck, the head of U.S. Northern Command and NORAD, warned about the growing presence of the nuclear-powered Severodvinsk-class submarines off of U.S. coasts. It then returned for a time to the waters off Florida in January 2020. Russian Yasen-class nuclear-powered submarine Kazan in Severomorsk on June 1, 2021. [23], In February 2003, under the Russian-Japanese "Star of Hope" program, Japan spent $6 million to dismantle a Victor III of Russia's Pacific Fleet; the job was completed in December 2004. It is a move that could reset the battle lines between East and West. This warship is the Russian Navy's most modern vessel to date. By the mid-1980s, the boats were reaching the end of their useful lifespan. The exact scale of Russia's submarine underwater activity remains unclear, though Peterson said there has been a clear increase over the past 20 years. Russia could have its most powerful and quiet nuclear attack submarines on persistent patrols off either U.S. Coast in the next two years, the head of U.S. Northern Command told the Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday. submarines scrambled to find [28] As of February 2003, K-463, K-316, K-432 and K-493 had been dismantled at Sevmash, with the remaining two at Bolshaya Lopatka, Zapadnaya Litsa, awaiting the same fate. If it involves explosions or projectiles, he's generally in favor of it. Recent Russian submarine activity does suggest an increasing focus on being able to get into the Atlantic and closer to the US East Coast. With funding from the NunnLugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program, the defueling of her reactors started in June 2002 at the Zvezdochka shipyard. Russia also continues building quiet diesel-electric Kilo II-class subs specialized for reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare and has built at least two large nuclear-powered subs that Western experts believe are designed to launch smaller submersibles that could tap or attack undersea cables or pipelines. Lev Fedoseyev\TASS via Getty Images Russia has invested heavily in "[3]) Due to a lack of land storage facilities, two adjoining emptied compartments, one forward and one aft, are usually cut off as well to provide buoyancy for storage on water. Do you have a question about the Russia-Ukraine war? Military leaders warned that Russian President Vladimir Putin could be upgrading nuclear capabilities as the war with Ukraine drags on. U.S. military commanders and experts are sounding warnings about the buildup of Russian submarines off American coasts. In July, the Russian Navy delivered Belgorod a strategic weapons platform fitted with school bus sized nuclear torpedoes that can be fitted with a 100-megaton nuclear warhead. The K-3, Russias first nuclear submarine. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The first target is K-159. NATO militaries have grown increasingly concerned about Russia's underwater capabilities, worrying that Moscow's attack and ballistic-missile submarines and special-purpose submersibles could be used to menace or attack their economic and military infrastructure. Theyve modernized their strategic defense along with their submarine forces. The Russian buildup of naval assets is more expansive than just the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and it includes seas surrounding the United States, sources told Newsweek. [18] The 29 Echo IIs were all decommissioned by the mid-1990s. While Novembers were the USSRs hunters, the Hotel-class subs were meant to stay undetected, using a pair of pressurized water-cooled reactors to cruise within striking distance of potential targets. 35", "Project 659 / Echo I / Project 675 / Echo II", "K-222 submarine scrapped in Severodvinsk", "NF decomm: Severodvinsk shipyards - Zvezdochka and Sevmash", "Russia: Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base / 5/30/97: Sub Sinks in Kamchatka Harbor", "Japan's Cooperation for Dismantling Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines in the Russian Far East", "Project 671 Yersy / Victor class Attack Submarine (Nuclear Powered)", "Russia: International Assistance Programs: Japan", "Japan set to continue atomic submarine scrapping", "Technical and Proliferation-Related Aspects of the Dismantlement of Russian Alfa-class Nuclear Submarines", "Project 949 Granit / Oscar I / Project 949A Antey / Oscar II", "Russia to decommission world's largest submarines", "Project 971 Shuka-B / Akula class / Attack Submarine (Nuclear Powered)", "The last day of a nuclear-powered icebreaker", "Russia scraps another nuclear-powered icebreaker", "Russia's Atomflot reports ready for long-overdue decommissioning of old icebreakers, nuclear service ships", "Nuclear Safety: Concerns with Nuclear Facilities and Other Sources of Radiation in the Former Soviet Union", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decommissioning_of_Russian_nuclear-powered_vessels&oldid=1138760336, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. ten were dismantled at Zvezdochka shipyard: This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 12:46. During the transport, a storm caused the vessel to sink, killing 9 crewmen.

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